1305 lines
39 KiB
HTML
1305 lines
39 KiB
HTML
|
|
<!doctype html>
|
|
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="prev" href="../../../books/api_design_patterns/part2/chapter4/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="next" href="../02_uml/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="../../../assets/images/favicon.png">
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.6">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Java Collections - Notes</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
|
|
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
|
|
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
|
|
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
|
|
<div data-md-component="skip">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="#java-collections" class="md-skip">
|
|
Skip to content
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div data-md-component="announce">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
|
|
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
|
|
<a href="../../.." title="Notes" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Notes" data-md-component="logo">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
|
|
</label>
|
|
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
|
|
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
|
|
<div class="md-header__topic">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Notes
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
Java Collections
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for="__palette_1" hidden>
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m17.75 4.09-2.53 1.94.91 3.06-2.63-1.81-2.63 1.81.91-3.06-2.53-1.94L12.44 4l1.06-3 1.06 3zm3.5 6.91-1.64 1.25.59 1.98-1.7-1.17-1.7 1.17.59-1.98L15.75 11l2.06-.05L18.5 9l.69 1.95zm-2.28 4.95c.83-.08 1.72 1.1 1.19 1.85-.32.45-.66.87-1.08 1.27C15.17 23 8.84 23 4.94 19.07c-3.91-3.9-3.91-10.24 0-14.14.4-.4.82-.76 1.27-1.08.75-.53 1.93.36 1.85 1.19-.27 2.86.69 5.83 2.89 8.02a9.96 9.96 0 0 0 8.02 2.89m-1.64 2.02a12.08 12.08 0 0 1-7.8-3.47c-2.17-2.19-3.33-5-3.49-7.82-2.81 3.14-2.7 7.96.31 10.98 3.02 3.01 7.84 3.12 10.98.31"/></svg>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to light mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for="__palette_0" hidden>
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 7a5 5 0 0 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5-5 5 5 0 0 1 5-5m0 2a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3m0-7 2.39 3.42C13.65 5.15 12.84 5 12 5s-1.65.15-2.39.42zM3.34 7l4.16-.35A7.2 7.2 0 0 0 5.94 8.5c-.44.74-.69 1.5-.83 2.29zm.02 10 1.76-3.77a7.131 7.131 0 0 0 2.38 4.14zM20.65 7l-1.77 3.79a7.02 7.02 0 0 0-2.38-4.15zm-.01 10-4.14.36c.59-.51 1.12-1.14 1.54-1.86.42-.73.69-1.5.83-2.29zM12 22l-2.41-3.44c.74.27 1.55.44 2.41.44.82 0 1.63-.17 2.37-.44z"/></svg>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
|
|
</label>
|
|
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
|
|
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
|
|
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
|
|
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
|
|
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
|
|
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
|
|
</label>
|
|
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Search">
|
|
|
|
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Share" aria-label="Share" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear" tabindex="-1">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
|
|
|
|
</form>
|
|
<div class="md-search__output">
|
|
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
|
|
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
|
|
Initializing search
|
|
</div>
|
|
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</header>
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="Tabs" data-md-component="tabs">
|
|
<div class="md-grid">
|
|
<ul class="md-tabs__list">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
|
<a href="../../.." class="md-tabs__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Home
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/designing_data_intensive_applications/preface/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Books
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-tabs__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lecture Notes
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
|
|
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted md-nav--integrated" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
|
|
<a href="../../.." title="Notes" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Notes" data-md-component="logo">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg>
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
Notes
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../.." class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Home
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Books
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Books
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1" id="__nav_2_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Designing Data-Intensive Applications
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Designing Data-Intensive Applications
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/designing_data_intensive_applications/preface/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preface
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_1_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_1_2" id="__nav_2_1_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 1. Foundations of Data Systems
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 1. Foundations of Data Systems
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/designing_data_intensive_applications/part1/chapter1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 1. Reliable, Scalable and Maintainable Applications
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/designing_data_intensive_applications/part1/chapter2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 2. Data Models and Query Languages
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_2" id="__nav_2_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
API Design Patterns
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
API Design Patterns
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_2_1" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_2_1" id="__nav_2_2_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 1. Introduction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2_1">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 1. Introduction
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/api_design_patterns/part1/chapter1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 1. Introduction to APIs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/api_design_patterns/part1/chapter2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 2. Introduction to API Design Patterns
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_2_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_2_2" id="__nav_2_2_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 2. Design Principles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part 2. Design Principles
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/api_design_patterns/part2/chapter3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 3. Naming
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../books/api_design_patterns/part2/chapter4/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chapter 4. Resource Scope and Hierarchy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" checked>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lecture Notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lecture Notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_1" checked>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_1" id="__nav_3_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developing Maintainable Software
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_1">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developing Maintainable Software
|
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Java Collections
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../02_uml/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
UML Diagrams
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
|
|
|
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="java-collections">Java Collections<a class="headerlink" href="#java-collections" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
|
<p>Week 3 (Oct 5<sup>th</sup>)</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Part 1</strong></p>
|
|
<p>In java a <em>collection</em> is an object that represents a group of objects.
|
|
The collections API is a unified framework for representing and manipulating collections independently of their implementation.</p>
|
|
<p>An <em>API</em> (application programming interface) is an interface protocol between a client and a server, intended to simplify the client side software.</p>
|
|
<p>A <em>library</em> contains re-usable chunks of code.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Java Collections framework</strong>
|
|
- We have container objects that contain objects
|
|
- All containers are either "collections" or "maps"
|
|
- All containers provide a common set of method signatures, in addition of their unique set of method signatures</p>
|
|
<p><em>Collection</em> - Something that holds a dynamic collection of objects
|
|
<em>Map</em> - Defines mapping between keys and objects (two collections)
|
|
<em>Iterable</em> - Collections are able to return an iterator objects that can scan over the contents of a collection one object at a time</p>
|
|
<p>NOTE: Vector is a legacy structure in Java replaced with <em>ArrayList</em>
|
|
Stack is now <em>ArrayDeque</em></p>
|
|
<p><code>LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c)</code> - means some type that either is E or a subtype of E. The <code>?</code> is a wildcard.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getFirst</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This is bad coding practice, the collection constructor are not able to specify the type of objects the collection is intended to contain. A <code>ClassCastException</code> will be thrown if we attempt to cast the wrong type.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">getFirst</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This is a type safe collection using generics.
|
|
- Classes support generics by allowing a type variable to be included in their declaration.
|
|
- The <code><></code> show the same type as stated (in this case string)
|
|
- You cannot type a collection with a primitive data type eg int</p>
|
|
<p><strong>HashMap Class</strong>
|
|
- A HashMap is a hash table based implementation of the map interface. This implementation provides all if the optional map operations, and permits null values and the null key.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashMap</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">userData</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashMap</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">userData</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Emma"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">userData</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"John"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">userData</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Millie"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Set</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">userData</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">keySet</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">){</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"="</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">userData</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>Emma = 30
|
|
John = null
|
|
Millie = 17
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><strong>Part 2</strong></p>
|
|
<p><strong>Relationships between objects</strong></p>
|
|
<p><em>Aggregation</em> - The object exists outside the other. It is created outside so it is passed as an argument.
|
|
An animal object <em>is part of</em> a compound object (semantically) but the animal object can be shared and if the compound object is deleted, the animal object isn't deleted.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Compound</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Animal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dog</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">setAnimal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Animal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dog</span><span class="p">){</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">dog</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dog</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><img alt="Image" src="/lectures/dms/assets/1.png" /></p>
|
|
<p><em>Composition</em> - The object only exists if the parent object exists, if the parent object is deleted then so is the child object.
|
|
The zoo object owns the compound object. If the zoo object is deleted then the compound object is also deleted.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Zoo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Compound</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dogArea</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Compound</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><img alt="Image" src="/lectures/dms/assets/2.png" /></p>
|
|
<p><strong>Inheritance</strong>
|
|
A way of forming new classes based on existing classes. Has a "is-a" relationship.</p>
|
|
<p><em>Polymorphism</em> - A concept in object oriented programming. Method overloading and method overriding are two types of polymorphism.
|
|
- <em>Method Overloading</em> - Methods with the same name co-exist in the same class but they must have different method signatures. Resolved during compile time (static binding).
|
|
- <em>Method Overriding</em> - Methods with the same name is declared in parent and child class. Resolved during runtime (dynamic binding).</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Child</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">extends</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Parent</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Child</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">){</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@Override</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">eat</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chew</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>The super keyword called the parent class' constructor.</p>
|
|
<p><img alt="Image" src="/lectures/dms/assets/3.png" /></p>
|
|
<p><strong>What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface</strong>
|
|
- Java abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behaviour. May contain non-final variables.
|
|
- Java interfaces have methods that are implicitly abstract and cannot have implementations. Variables are declared final by default.</p>
|
|
<p>Interfaces are less restrictive when it comes to inheritance, interfaces can have many levels of inheritance where as a class can only have one level.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg>
|
|
Back to top
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
</main>
|
|
|
|
<footer class="md-footer">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="Footer" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../../../books/api_design_patterns/part2/chapter4/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Chapter 4. Resource Scope and Hierarchy">
|
|
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="md-footer__title">
|
|
<span class="md-footer__direction">
|
|
Previous
|
|
</span>
|
|
<div class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Chapter 4. Resource Scope and Hierarchy
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../02_uml/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: UML Diagrams">
|
|
<div class="md-footer__title">
|
|
<span class="md-footer__direction">
|
|
Next
|
|
</span>
|
|
<div class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
UML Diagrams
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
|
|
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
|
|
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
|
|
<div class="md-copyright">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Made with
|
|
<a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
|
|
Material for MkDocs
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
|
|
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"annotate": null, "base": "../../..", "features": ["navigation.instant", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "toc.integrate", "content.code.copy", "content.code.annotate", "search.suggest", "search.highlight", "search.share", "content.action.edit", "content.action.view"], "search": "../../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.2c215733.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": null}</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../../assets/javascripts/bundle.79ae519e.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |