133 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
133 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# Professional Responsibilities
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You are generally expected to **uphold the profession**
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Unethical conduct includes:
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- Exaggerating skills and competences
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- Withholding or misrepresenting technical information
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- Conflicts of interest
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- Divulging confidential information
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- Dishonest conduct
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### Due Diligence
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It is imperative that you **take reasonable care** in conducting your professional work
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This means:
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- You are competent to do the work required of you and your team
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- Appropriate steps are taken to avoid harm
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- Systems are robust, secure and respect privacy
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- Rules are followed
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- Special care is taken when modifying or retiring systems or when systems are integrated into societal infrastructure
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### Public Good
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> "Computing professionals actions change the world. To act responsibly, they should reflect upon the wider impacts of their work, consistently supporting the public good" - ACM Code of Ethics
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### Unconscious Bias
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- Subtle and built into all of us
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- Entirely natural
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- Can be mitigated
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- Draws our attention to micro-issues
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- For example, discriminating against people with tattoos or people with piercings
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- Can have an equally detrimental effect as the big issues
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- Design to minimise unconscious bias
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### Respect the Work of Others
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- Do no harm
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- Do not hack
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- Unless public good requires it or you are authorised to do so
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- Respect intellectual property rights (IPR)
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- Relevant types of IPR: trade marks, industrial designs, patents, trade secrets, databases & domain names
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#### IPR
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###### Trademarks
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A distinctive sign, symbol or logo
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- Owner holds exclusive rights of use
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- Registered nationally, regionally or globally
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- Protection lasts 10 years, with the option to renew indefinitely
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###### Industrial Designs
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Distinctive elements of a product
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Used where products have a short design life e.g. fashion
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- Two types of protection
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- Registered Community designs (RCD)
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- Protection lasts **5** years, renewed up to **25** years
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- Unregistered Community designs (UCD)
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- Protection lasts for **3** years
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###### Patent
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- An exclusive right granted to protect an invention
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- Prevents others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing invention without owner's permission
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- Lasts for **20** years from the filing date
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- Costs between $3,000 and \$6,000
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- Can't patent a computer program only a "computer-implemented invention"
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###### Utility Models
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- Prevents others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing invention without owner's permission
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- Cheaper than a patent (not available in UK)
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- Lasts 7-10 years
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- Registered nationally
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###### Trade Secrets
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- Confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage
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- Must put reasonable measures in place to keep it a secret
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- Store safely, implement NDAs
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- Do not confer proprietary rights
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- Protected by law for an unlimited time period
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###### Copyright
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- Author's or creator's right to protection over uses of their work
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- Ideas cannot be copyrighted, only the concrete implementation of the idea
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- Obtained automatically
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- Includes economic rights (remuneration for use by others)
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- Fair use allowed
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- Covers lifetime of owners plus **50-70** years
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###### Databases
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- A systematic arrangement of data, works or materials
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- Two forms:
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- Original
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- Protection lasts lifetime + 50-70 years
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- Non-original (like a phone directory)
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- Protected by *sui generis* database right which lasts for **15** years
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###### Domain Names
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- Registered by ICANN registrars
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- Not protected by copyright
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- May be protected by a registered trade mark
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- Last up to **10** years, renewed indefinitely
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### Ethical Limits of IPR
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Don't go too far in protecting your own works
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###### Sony Rootkit
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They produced CDs that, when inserted into a computer, downloaded a rootkit which gained administrator control on the victim’s computer.
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The rootkit modified the victim’s OS, limiting the user’s ability to use the CD.
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**Profoundly unethical and illegal**
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### Whistleblowing
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**Negligence by inaction is not ethical**
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Whistleblowing is the final recourse, is the last resort. |