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docs/lectures/ethics/04_professional_responsibilities.md

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+# Professional Responsibilities
+
+You are generally expected to **uphold the profession**
+
+Unethical conduct includes:
+
+- Exaggerating skills and competences
+- Withholding or misrepresenting technical information
+- Conflicts of interest
+- Divulging confidential information
+- Dishonest conduct
+
+### Due Diligence
+
+It is imperative that you **take reasonable care** in conducting your professional work
+
+This means:
+
+- You are competent to do the work required of you and your team
+- Appropriate steps are taken to avoid harm
+- Systems are robust, secure and respect privacy
+- Rules are followed
+- Special care is taken when modifying or retiring systems or systems are integrated in societal infrastructure
+
+### Public Good
+
+> "Computing professionals actions change the world. To act responsibly, they should reflect upon the wider impacts of their work, consistently supporting the public good" - ACM Code of Ethics
+
+### Unconscious Bias
+
+- Subtle and built into all of us
+- Entirely natural
+- Can be mitigated
+- Draws our attention to micro-issues
+  - for example discriminate against people of tattoos, or people with piercings
+- Can have an squally detrimental effect as the big issues
+  - Design to minimise unconscious bias
+
+### Respect the Work of Others
+
+- Do no harm
+- Do not hack
+  - Unless public good requires it or you are authorised to do so
+- Respect intellectual property rights (IPR)
+  - Relevant types of IPR: trade marks, industrial designs, patents, trade secrets, databases & domain names
+
+#### IPR
+
+###### Trademarks
+
+A distinctive sign, symbol or logo
+
+- Owner holds exclusive rights of use
+- Registered nationally, regionally or globally
+- Protection lasts 10 years, with the option to renew indefinitely
+
+###### Industrial Designs
+
+Distinctive elements of a product
+
+Used where products have a short design life e.g. fashion
+
+- Two types of protection
+  - Registered Community designs (RCD)
+    - Protection lasts **5** years, renewed up to **25** years
+  - Unregistered Community designs (UCD)
+    - Protection lasts for **3** years
+
+###### Patent
+
+- An exclusive right granted to protect an invention
+  - Prevents others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing invention without owner's permission
+- Lasts for **20** years from date of filed
+- Costs between $3,000 and \$6,000
+- Can't patent a computer program only a "computer-implemented invention"
+
+###### Utility Models
+
+- Prevents others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing invention without owner's permission
+- Cheaper than a patent (not available in UK)
+- Lasts 7-10 years
+- Registered nationally
+
+###### Trade Secrets
+
+- Confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage
+- Must put reasonable measures in place to keep it a secret
+  - Store safely, implement NDAs
+- Do not confer proprietary rights
+- Protected by law for an unlimited time period
+
+###### Copyright
+
+- Author's or creator's right to protection over uses of their work
+  - Ideas cannot be copyrighted, only the concrete implementation of the idea
+- Obtained automatically
+- Includes economic rights (renumeration for use by others)]
+- Fair use allowed
+- Covers life-time of owners plus **50-70** years
+
+###### Databases
+
+- A systematic arrangement of data, works or materials
+- Two forms:
+  - Original
+    - Protection lasts lifetime + 50-70 years
+  - Non-original (like a phone directory)
+    - Protected by *sui generis* database right which lasts for **15** years
+
+###### Domain Names
+
+- Registered by ICANN registars
+- Not protected by copyright
+- May be protected by a registered trade mark
+- Last up to **10** years, renewed indefinitely
+
+### Ethical Limits of IPR
+
+Don't go too far in protecting your own works
+
+###### Sony Rookit
+
+They produced CDs that when entered into a computer downloaded a rootkit which gained administrator control on the victims computer. 
+
+Rookit modified the victims OS, limiting the users ability to use the CD.
+
+**Profoundly unethical and illegal**
+
+### Whistleblowing
+
+**Negligence by inaction is not ethical**
+
+Whistleblowing is the final recourse, is the last resort.